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docs/Assignments/extra_research/FR-1-traces.md
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@@ -7,6 +7,25 @@ For the experiment, I used FR-1 that has a thickness of 35µm. On there I will m
In this experiment I will measure the temperature of the traces with a multimeter and a thermal laser. I will also watch the board closely for any damage. Since it is FR-1 I expect it to shows signs of damage under heat
## Some background information
### Resistance
When you decrease a PCB trace width, the resistance of the trace increases.
Imagine a trace like a water pipe. Whenever you make it smaller the water needs more pressure to flow with the same amount of water.
The same analogy goes for electricity. So for longer traces this is also the case that the amount of resistance increases with length.
Whenever the resistance increases different things happen when voltage travels trough them. A higher resistance causes a voltage drop.
This can be explained using Ohm's law
$V = I \cdot R$
The Voltage drop is Amperage ($I$) times the Resistance ($R$). So if you have a higher resistance or a lower Amperage you will get a voltage drop.
Another side effect of having a higher resistance is that the resistor or trace will heat up more easily.
### Capacitance
The capacitance of a PCB trace is the amount of energy it can hold. It works like a capacitor it stores a small amount of energy.
The capacitance is determined by the amount of copper is in the trace. So length, width and the thickness. When working with low frequency signals the capacitance is not super important.
But when working with higher speed frequencies the capacitance can actually mess up the signal integrity.
## Results
the power. So I grabbed an old robot with 4 stepper motors attached but I could not get them to draw more than 30 watts. So that is why the maximum in this test is 30 watts. I also had a hard time finding a way to measure the temperature of the traces because we only had a heat gun here and the laser was not the place it was actually measuring. So 0,4 mm is not measured properly.