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159 lines
4.4 KiB
Markdown
159 lines
4.4 KiB
Markdown
# Lecture notes
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## Architecture
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RISC-V (Reduced instruction set)
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Use EEPROM to save configuration or other things (easy to write to from program)
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FLASH (harder to write to)
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## Microcontrollers
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* AVR
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* ARM
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RP2040
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With PIO you can create custom periphirals
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## Programming
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Python recommended but I'm using C++ anyway.
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Rust is also usable but very hard to set up.
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bootloader, Program to load programs
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Arduino
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board + toolchain + libraries + IDE + bootloader + Header programming
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Simulation: WowKi
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tinkercircuit
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this week:
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Browse through the datasheet of your microcontroller
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write a program for a microcontroller
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simulate it.
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try multiple dev environments
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## Lecture notes local thursday
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First C got introduced and then 20 years ago C++ got introduced. And the arduino IDE by a clever italian.
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LED's blink at 400-600 Terahertz humans can't see that but chickens can.
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Micropython can't run on every microcontroller
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C++ runs on anything
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Rust isn't matured enough for microcontrollers and embedded
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sending code to the avr microcontrollers
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`avrdude`
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You can run AVR's without bootloader's
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Arduino bootloader connects the board to the arduino software.
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The bus in a microcontroller is a data highway
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I2C multiplexer. Can add more pins to a microcontroller using I2C or you can add several devices with the same address.
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ADC - analog digital convertor
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DAC - digital analog converter
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In the past 5 volt was used. Nowadays a lot of 3.3 volt is used.
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Always add a LED on a custom board.
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Arduino uno made 20 years ago.
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PlatformIO
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### RP2040
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Add the board library to the arduino boards manager.
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`File > Prefrences > additional boards url's`
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then add it in this link. `https://github.com/earlephilhower/arduino-pico/releases/download/global/package_rp2040_index.json`
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Then you can select the board in the connect menu and then it installs the toolchain.
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comment in your code. Comment why it works.
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What happens when you press compile and upload
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`Starts compiling > Starts linking > opens communication with microcontroller > uploads firmware > done`
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basic arduino commands
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* digitalWrite(pin, LOW/HIGH)
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One of the most used things. Pulse Width Modulation (PWM).
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Current flows from high to low
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Connecting a LED using the microcontroller as a ground is better but it also reverses the programming LOW and HIGH.
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It's better because it can handle more power when it is the ground of the led
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## PlatformIO + vscode
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benefits using vscode
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* Intellisense
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* Git in the editor
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First create new project
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Then you can select the MCU and the framework
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### For unsupported boards:
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Click the nearest board. And follow the community instructions
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Change platformio.ini
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from
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```ini
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[env:pico]
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platform = https://github.com/maxgerhardt/platform-raspberrypi.git
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board = pico
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framework = arduino
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board_build.core = earlephilhower
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```
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to
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```ini
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[env]
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platform = https://github.com/maxgerhardt/platform-raspberrypi.git
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framework = arduino
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board_build.core = earlephilhower
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board_build.filesystem_size = 0.5m
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[env:seeed_xiao_rp2040]
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board = seeed_xiao_rp2040
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```
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### What is every folder
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* src - for source code
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* lib - project specific libraries
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### How to add libraries
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Click the platformIO icon
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Then click the libraries button
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Then you can search a library and click add to project.
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After that it will edit platformio.ini and there you will see the library added to the project. It's also in `.pio/libdeps`
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## Micropython
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With micropython an OS is installed.
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You can get the firmware for here. https://micropython.org/download/RPI_PICO/
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To upload the firmware you need to connect it to your laptop and set the microcontroller in boot mode by pressing: hold boot > click reset > release boot. Now it will appear on your laptop as a drive. Now you can delete the old UF2 file and drop in the new micropython firmware. It should automaticly unmount itself and start the micropython firmware.
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Now if you install the Raspberry Pi Pico package on vscode you can create a new project and once the project is created and you've connected the microcontroller. A new project will pop up with a terminal under it.
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`Control + Shift + P` in vscode
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Make sure the file is named boot.py otherwise it won't start when the microcontroller gets power.
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Pulseview - to view .vcd files from logic analysers
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## Very important
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On linux machines you need to install platformio-udev. Otherwise you can't upload to your board.
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